It is necessary to analyze the structural characteristics of the engine key components so as to be able to predict the engine life and mitigate the components damage, and extend the engine life for improving the reliability, availability and maintainability of liquid rocket engines. The model of the turbine rotor blade with finite element analysis for the newly developing large-thrust liquid rocket engine is set up. Based on these models, characteristics analysis of structural dynamics such as modal analysis under undamped free vibration, harmonic response under undamped forced vibration and transient response under damped forced vibration, is performed respectively. Meanwhile, natural frequencies and mode shapes, harmonic response and transient response of a single turbine rotor blade, are also obtained.