The thermal dynamic response of structures irradiated by the intensive laser beam has been an important issue in the area of laser application. Adopting three-dimensional finite element model, numerical simulation and analysis were performed in order to make out the temperature, stress and displacement fields of two-layered cylindrical shell irradiated by intensive laser beam. In the study, the several parameters of materials corresponding to temperature were considered as variables. The influence on distribution of temperature field brought by various laser spot diameters was also studied. And the rules of temperature rise, stress and displacement of inner layer at the spot center were investigated, while the outer layer’s thickness, expansion factor, the elastic modulus and the Poisson ratio were changing. It is shown that, the diameter of laser spot plays an important role in the temperature field distribution, keeping in touch with conductivities of outer layer; expansion factor is the dominant parameter affecting stress field, thickness is a lesser dominant one, and elastic modulus and Poisson ratio are the least. The conclusion can provide a substantial reference for the laser breakage analysis and anti-laser reinforcing technology.