In order to achieve the best repairing effect of carbon fiber/bismaleimides composite materials, carbon fiber/epoxy composite materials and epoxy film adhesive were used as the repair materials to repair carbon fiber/bismaleimides composites with the pre-drilled hole of Φ15 mm and Φ5 mm, respectively. Single-lap repair, double-lap repair and step-lap repair were adopted to repair the carbon fiber/bismaleimides composite structures with pre-drilled hole. The effects of the patch numbers, patch lengths and patch stacking sequences on repairing performance were discussed. The failure model of the repaired plates was analyzed through the experimental method, and the patch-repairing parameters were optimized. The results show that the stress concentration and through-thickness tensile stress along the edges of the patch are the key reasons for the fracture of the repaired plate. The tensile strength of the double-lap repaired specimen can recover up to 90% of the strength of undrilled specimen and the strength of the specimen repaired by the single-lap repair and step-lap repair can also recover up to 80% of the undrilled specimen.