In order to improve the energy dissipation performance of the filament wound composite solid ball structure element, the maximization of the SEA（specific energy absorption）and the minimization of the IPF (impact peak force) of the structure element were chosen as the evaluation indexes. Based on the crashworthiness performance of the initial design scheme, the ratio of height to diameter for core cylinder，centrifugal rate of spherical core and filament winding thickness ratio and winding angle of composite surface were chosen as optimal design variables to establish a multi-objective optimization model．The multi-objective optimization model was decomposed into two single-objective optimization models by the hierarchical progressive optimization method. The finite element software Abaqus was adopted to compute the impact responses of the structure element with different design parameters．Furthermore, an approximate objective function was constructed with the radial basis functions，the optimal design was performed in two stages by using the second generation non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm．After the optimization，the ideal and optimal structure element was obtained for crashworthiness and energy absorption．Further experimental studies and failure modes analysis show the effectiveness of the optimization model and the improvement of the energy dissipation performance of the structure element.