Based on the bolted flange connection structure between stages of rocket(missile), multiple experimental specimens were designed and manufactured, and four impact failure experiments of drop hammer were designed and carried out, which refers to the finite element model established by using the ABAQUS software. These experiments include axial and transverse two working conditions, and some structural characteristics of the specimen were different, such as the uniform and non-uniform distribution condition of the bolt group, the diameter of bolt and the gap between the bolt and bolt hole. In the process of experiments, the time history response data of bolts force, the time history response data of strain at key point of column section, impact force and impact velocity were collected. According to the experimental results and the measured data, the failure mechanism of the connection structure under impact load was analyzed, and it was verified that the numerical simulation results were in good agreement with the experimental results. The results in this research can be used as a reference for the load bearing capacity design of connection structure between stages of rocket(missile) under impact load.