In this paper，the microstructural continuous damage theory describing an anisotropic damage field is formulated. With various simplifications，this damage model can be reduced to a few majar models well known at present，such as the elastic anisotropic damage tensor model presented by J.P.Cordebois and F.Sidoroff; the planar micro-cracks damage vector model for brittle matterials by D.Krajcinovic; the isotropic damage scalar model by J.Lemaitre，and the unidimensional damage model by L. M. Kachanov. By means of a tentative test for the present theory，the author uses it for the analysis of the concrete specimen under uni-axial tension and compression，as examplified by D. Krajcinovic. The numerical results obtained show good agreement with the experimental values.