In this paper, firstly, the requirement of application to in telligent information processing in modern combat environments is analyzed, then, an introduction and analysis of the use of artificial neural networks (ANN) in military electronic information processing is presented in detail. The emphasis is laid on the use of ANN in the detection, recognition of radar, infrared and sonar objects as well as in multi maneuvering target tracking (MMTT) and the intelligent control of weapon systems. By presenting both theory and examples, the characteristic and priority of the ANN technology is shown, at the same time, an outline of the use of ANN in other aspects of military electronic information processing is given. At the end of this paper, in viewing of the lagging of the field application behind lab research of ANN, we give an analysis of the necessity and urgency to perform research on system validation about ANN's capability.