For the demand of hypersonic aircraft for generic shingle ceramic thermal protection system (TPS), the transient heat transfer model of TPS structure was established and the influences of some factors, such as material properties, thickness, phase change materials and its location, on heat transfer properties were investigated. Results show that: material properties and thickness of heat insulation layer play a key role in heat transfer properties, while these of the heat protection layer almost exist no effect; the introduction of phase change materials obviously improves the heat transfer properties of TPS structure; the location optimization of phase change layer is an effective method to improve the heat transfer properties and reduce the thickness; the thickness optimization of heat insulation layer can provide reference for the TPS design. 