In order to improve detection ability of groundbased radar to near space hypersonic target and explore a practical and efficient deployment optimization method, the difficulties and mathematical models of the ground-based radar to detect near space hypersonic target were analyzed and the deployment principle and quantitative indicators of it were put forward. Deployment optimization model of ground-based radar was established and the ant colony algorithm controlled by introductory pheromone was designed. The simulation results show that this method can achieve a variety of programs of ground-based radar deployment optimization, improve the efficiency and operability of the ground-based radar deployment optimization, and provide a new way of thinking for ground-based radar to detect near space hypersonic target.