Considering the two different cavity arrangement schemes, a series of direct-connected combustion tests were conducted with vaporized RP-3 under the simulated Mach 6.0 flight condition. Effects of cavity arrangement on characteristics of supersonic combustion of vaporized kerosene were investigated by comparing with the high-speed flame luminosity images, static pressure distributions along the combustor wall, and the thrust increments. The results show that the cavity arrangement and equivalence ratios affect the flame distribution, the heat release characteristic and the combustor performance significantly. For the parallel-cavity-equipped combustor, the flame distribution and heat release are concentrated near cavities, and the fuel specific impulse shows low sensitivity to the equivalence ratio. While the single-cavity-equipped combustor has a dispersive flame distribution and heat release, and the fuel specific impulse increases with the equivalence ratio.