A multi-level arbitration based on resource reservation in optical network-on-chip was proposed. The fast and high efficiency arbitration scheme divided the network into multi-stages. With the design of multi priority queues in every node, arbiters provided differential transmissions for different kinds of flows. The arbiter also presented the transmit bund resource reservation scheme to fairly reserve time slots for all nodes, thus achieving the throughput of 100%. The fast arbitration channels were proposed and designed to degrade the arbitration period, and the packet transmitting delay was reduced. The simulation results show that, with the multi-level arbitration based on resource reservation, all nodes are allocated with almost equal service under various patterns. This scheme improves throughput by 17% when compared with FeatherWeight under the self-similar traffic pattern, and eliminats arbitration delay by 15% to 2-pass arbitration, incurring total power overhead by 5%.