The large-capacity data storage device of spacecraft mainly adopts the solid-state storage based on NAND Flash chip. However, due to data bit error caused by the single event upset of the space environment and the threshold voltage deviation during memory operation, the data reliability of the storage device is reduced. According to the physical structure and data structure of the NAND Flash chip, an error detection and correction coding design with RS(256,252)+LDPC(8192,7154) cascade encoder circuit was proposed, for improving the error tolerance of data storage devices. Moreover, the method for circuit realizing of the coding algorithm was optimized. The results of modeling simulation and the ground system testing prove that the solid-state storage controller system has the advantages of low hardware consumption, low power consumption and high reliability. In addition, the total capacity of the storage system reaches 512 Gb, and the effective data throughput is 700 Mb/s, which can meet the design requirements of large-capacity data control and high-data throughput for solid state storage controller of spacecraft.