The muzzle disturbance is an important factor of affecting the naval gun firing′s accuracy. In order to reduce the muzzle disturbance and optimize the barrel structure, the ABAQUS finite element model of flexible barrel was established, and the modal calculation results of the model were compared with the modal test values, which proves that the established flexible finite element model is effective. A method of new quantum chaos particle swarm optimization algorithm and dynamic joint optimization was proposed to carry out multi-objective optimization of the artillery recoil mechanism. Optimization results indicate that the line speed, angular velocity and angular displacement of optimized muzzle center are significantly reduced when compared with that before optimization, the barrel mass is reduced, and the structure is more reasonable. This indicates that the optimization method is effective and feasible, and can provide reference for the overall design of the whole naval gun.