Making an optimized and practicable satellite assemble plan, which is closely linked to all the various constraints, is a difficult problem. This issue has attracted wide attention all over the world. In linght of this, the problem′s characteristics were analyzed, the mathematical optimization model was established, and an optimization decision method based on genetic algorithm was proposed. A constraint handling method based on penalty function was introduced to deal with the infeasible solutions generated in the iterative optimization process. In order to alleviate the difficulty of the penalty coefficient setting, a mechanism of penalty coefficient self-adaptive adjustment was designed. Some experiments were conducted to validate the correctness and practicability of the proposed algorithm.