Supercomputing is an important means to solve major challenges in the fields of national security, economic construction, scientific progress, social development, and national defense construction. It is a strategic high technology domain in the development of science and technology in various countries. Through investigation and empirical research, the roles of government and the enterprises as market players in catching up with world supercomputing technology pioneer were analyzed. For the requirement of strategic development, Chinese government has formed a solid accumulation of knowledge and talents through long-term funding under the condition of very limited financial capacity. To meet strategy of scientific and technological innovation, Chinese government has led cluster innovation across the country to achieve China′s supercomputing summit and built national supercomputer foundation facilities. To meet the strategy of comprehensive development, supercomputing applications are fully developed. At the same time, in accordance with the principle that the enterprises are the main body of the market, they achieve market breakthroughs by participating in supercomputing competition development and absorbs technology spillover from research body. The development model of supercomputing technology can provide experience for the other high-tech fields.