For the common image lossless compression methods cannot work well. Thus, a lossless compression method for synchrotron radiation source images based on image difference and neural network was proposed. The image difference method was used to reduce the linear correlations among images. The neural network was trained to learn the nonlinear correlations in the images sequence, and the pixel value was compressed with arithmetic coding using the predicted distribution. To reduce the predicting time and coding time, the pixel value was splitted into two parts for parallel compression. The tests based on the images of Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility show that the proposed method can improve more than 20% in compression ratio compared to PNG(portable network graphics), JPEG2000, FLIF(free lossless image format), and the pixel value split can reduce 30% of the time in predicting and coding.