Increasing transparency of modern warfare has brought serious challenges to the survival of missile launching vehicle on the battlefield. Around the launcher anti-damage ability of analysis and evaluation technology, the threat of damage and damage mechanism faced by launcher were analyzed, current research status of four types of damage(shock wave, kinetic energy, thermal, and electromagnetic) from the perspective of the application of anti-damage capability assessment were elaborated, and different damage types in the evaluation of anti-damage capability and application directions in the analysis were putted forward; based on the vulnerability analysis space theory, the development process of equipment vulnerability analysis was summarized. It was considered that the logical transfer relationship from physical space to performance space was the key to the vulnerability analysis of launchers at present. Research trends of vulnerability criteria were introduced from the physical criteria, performance criteria and classification criteria, and the key criteria for vulnerability of launchers was proposed. Research concept and the main problems faced by analytical methods of the anti-damage capability of the launcher were explicitly described. Research conclusions can provide references for the analysis and evaluate related research of the anti-damage capability of the missile launching vehicle.