The launch vehicle is prone to power system faults such as thrust drop in the ascending stage, and the traditional control method is difficult to meet the requirements of high precision and high stability control in the case of large interference. In this research, the adaptive augmentation control and fuzzy PD control of launch vehicle were studied, and their control characteristics were analyzed. A dynamic switching control algorithm based on fuzzy rules was proposed, and by calculating the output weight of adaptive PD control and fuzzy PD control, the optimal control scheme of the system was obtained. The control torque reconstruction and the dynamic switching control algorithm were combined to carry out fault-tolerant control research. The results show that the dynamic switching control algorithm based on fuzzy rules can effectively improve the attitude control quality. Compared with other control methods, the maximum yaw angle deviation is reduced by more than 20%, the system response time is at least 15% faster, and there is no oscillation in the control process.