离子液体电喷雾推力器发射极制造技术现状及展望
2025,47(1):67-82
李小康
国防科技大学 空天科学学院， 湖南 长沙 410073
郭大伟
国防科技大学 空天科学学院， 湖南 长沙 410073
吴建军
国防科技大学 空天科学学院， 湖南 长沙 410073
杨云天
中国人民解放军32032部队， 北京 100080
车碧轩
国防科技大学 空天科学学院， 湖南 长沙 410073
国防科技大学 空天科学学院， 湖南 长沙 410073
郭大伟
国防科技大学 空天科学学院， 湖南 长沙 410073
吴建军
国防科技大学 空天科学学院， 湖南 长沙 410073
杨云天
中国人民解放军32032部队， 北京 100080
车碧轩
国防科技大学 空天科学学院， 湖南 长沙 410073
摘要：
离子液体电喷雾推力器是目前热点研究的一种静电式微电推进装置，影响该类推力器性能的核心部件之一是发射极，其制造技术已成为离子液体电喷雾推力器研制的关键技术之一。结合离子液体电喷雾推力器工作原理和发展历程，分析了毛细管型、外部浸润型和多孔材料型三类发射极的推进剂输运特点和制造需求；回顾和梳理了三类发射极的典型制造材料与相关制造技术，总结评述了离子刻蚀等不同制造技术的优缺点；针对较为成功的基于多孔材料的超快激光制造技术，从发射极设计、新型材料制备、超快激光与材料作用机理等角度提出了发展建议。
离子液体电喷雾推力器是目前热点研究的一种静电式微电推进装置，影响该类推力器性能的核心部件之一是发射极，其制造技术已成为离子液体电喷雾推力器研制的关键技术之一。结合离子液体电喷雾推力器工作原理和发展历程，分析了毛细管型、外部浸润型和多孔材料型三类发射极的推进剂输运特点和制造需求；回顾和梳理了三类发射极的典型制造材料与相关制造技术，总结评述了离子刻蚀等不同制造技术的优缺点；针对较为成功的基于多孔材料的超快激光制造技术，从发射极设计、新型材料制备、超快激光与材料作用机理等角度提出了发展建议。
基金项目：
国家自然科学基金创新研究群体资助项目（T2221002）
国家自然科学基金创新研究群体资助项目（T2221002）
Review and prospect of emitter manufacturing technology for ionic liquid electrospray thruster
LI Xiaokang
College of Aerospace Science and Engineering,National University of Defense Technology,Changsha 410073 ,China
GUO Dawei
College of Aerospace Science and Engineering,National University of Defense Technology,Changsha 410073 ,China
WU Jianjun
College of Aerospace Science and Engineering,National University of Defense Technology,Changsha 410073 ,China
YANG Yuntian
The PLA Unit 32032,Beijing 100080 ,China
CHE Bixuan
College of Aerospace Science and Engineering,National University of Defense Technology,Changsha 410073 ,China
College of Aerospace Science and Engineering,National University of Defense Technology,Changsha 410073 ,China
GUO Dawei
College of Aerospace Science and Engineering,National University of Defense Technology,Changsha 410073 ,China
WU Jianjun
College of Aerospace Science and Engineering,National University of Defense Technology,Changsha 410073 ,China
YANG Yuntian
The PLA Unit 32032,Beijing 100080 ,China
CHE Bixuan
College of Aerospace Science and Engineering,National University of Defense Technology,Changsha 410073 ,China
Abstract：
ILET(ionic liquid electrospray thruster), one of the electrostatic micro-thrusters, has recently become a hot topic for researchers. The emitter is the core component that significantly affects the thruster performance, so its manufacturing is considered as one of the key technologies for the ILET development. Combined with the operating principle and the development history of ILET, the characteristics of propellant transport and manufacturing requirements for all three types of emitters, namely capillary, externally-fed and porous emitters, were analyzed. Based on this, the typical manufacturing materials and related manufacturing technologies were reviewed, while the advantages and disadvantages of different manufacturing technologies such as ion etching were summarized and remarked. For the proven manufacturing method of ultrafast laser ablation based on porous material, the development suggestions including emitter design, novel material fabrication, and study on laser-matter interaction mechanism were given.
ILET(ionic liquid electrospray thruster), one of the electrostatic micro-thrusters, has recently become a hot topic for researchers. The emitter is the core component that significantly affects the thruster performance, so its manufacturing is considered as one of the key technologies for the ILET development. Combined with the operating principle and the development history of ILET, the characteristics of propellant transport and manufacturing requirements for all three types of emitters, namely capillary, externally-fed and porous emitters, were analyzed. Based on this, the typical manufacturing materials and related manufacturing technologies were reviewed, while the advantages and disadvantages of different manufacturing technologies such as ion etching were summarized and remarked. For the proven manufacturing method of ultrafast laser ablation based on porous material, the development suggestions including emitter design, novel material fabrication, and study on laser-matter interaction mechanism were given.
收稿日期：
2022-08-15
2022-08-15
