The aerodynamic environment in low-altitude regions is characterised by complex flow field structures, diverse disturbance sources, and significant coupling effects. These factors have a significant impact on the aerodynamic performance and flight safety of UAV (unmanned aerial vehicle), making them a key focus of research in the field of low-altitude UAV aerodynamics. Three typical scenarios were systematically reviewed: complex low-altitude wind fields, spatially constrained environments, and multi-UAV environments. The fundamental characteristics and modelling approaches of complex low-altitude wind fields were systematically outlined, and their effects on UAV and key research methodologies were summarised. Spatially constrained environments were categorised based on disturbance mechanisms and constraint types, and a comprehensive summary of the aerodynamic impacts on UAV within such environments was provided. The aerodynamic characteristics of UAV in multi-UAV environments were summarised, and the aerodynamic coupling mechanisms and research methodologies for cooperative and non-formation flight scenarios were outlined. Building upon this foundation, the core issues and key challenges currently facing aerodynamic research on UAV in low-altitude environments were further refined, and future research priorities in this field were outlined.