For the high-precision multi-satellite rendezvous trajectory optimization problem with a single chaser and multiple targets, a three-step serial optimization method based on the multi-round iterative correction was proposed. The rendezvous sequence and approximate impulse solutions based on the analytical J2 perturbation model were obtained by using the differential evolution algorithm, and the high-precision solution of the first rendezvous maneuvering impulses was obtained by using the local optimization of the sequential quadratic programming algorithm. Moreover, a multi-round iterative correction model was constructed to update the subsequent targets’ states and maneuvering impulses to eliminate the influence of the error diffusion between different models. The simulation results show that the proposed method can stabely obtain the high-precision maneuvering parameters with approximate least cost in a few iterations.