High-speed vehicles are characterized by a wide speed range and lightweight structures, and they face complex aerodynamic and thermal environments as well as structural stability challenges. Under the coupled effects of fluid-structure-thermal interactions, aerothermoelastic problems have become a major focus of attention. However, in the calculation of high-speed aerodynamic and thermal loads, engineering algorithms offer high computational efficiency but lack accuracy, while numerical simulation methods provide high precision at a significantly higher computational cost. Therefore, a typical thermal protection system (TPS) panel of a High-speed vehicle was focused, and aerodynamic and aerothermal surrogate models based on the Kriging method were developed, which achieved a four-orders-of-magnitude improvement in computational efficiency. Based on these surrogate models, a computational framework for the aerothermoelastic analysis of the TPS panel was established using the finite element method and a self-developed heat conduction program. The aerothermoelastic behavior of the TPS panel was then analyzed within this framework. This research will provide an important theoretical foundation for the rapid and accurate prediction of aerodynamic and thermal loads, the design of thermal protection systems, and the flight safety assessment of High-speed vehicles.