The design，preparation and test of multilayer structural composite materials against hypervelocity impact have been investigated in this paper. The multilayer structural composite materials were composed of silicon carbide ceramic matrix composites as shielding layer，hollow microsphere or density gradient composites as buffer layer and 3D fiber reinforced resin matrix composites as structural layer. The experiment results show that the multilayer structural composite materials exhibits good resistance against hypervelocity impact in wider velocity range (from 2.81 to 7.81km/sec)with lower areal density.