A new framework for classifying human errors is presented on basis of the existing frameworks. The human error taxonomies derived from this framework are more comprehensive and consistent. In this framework, the seminal framework of “Commission/Omission” is branched out, and five basic human error types are derived. The five human error types can be used as primitives and combined with cognitive model in order to identify the human error modes at various cognitive modules. The process of human error identification is illustrated by an artificial example. The results show that this framework is effective.