In order to improve the lethality of the axial direction fragment field of the warhead, experimental and numerical studies were conducted to investigate the maximum velocity and ejection angle distribution characteristics of axial prefabricated fragments driven by caseless cylindrical TNT charge. The LS-DYNA software was used to numerically simulate the process of prefabricated fragments driven by the charge, and the flying process of the prefabricated fragments group was described. The theoretical calculation formula of the overall plate driven by the charge was improved to obtain the maximum initial velocity of the prefabricated fragments. Results indicated that close agreement was found between numerical, experimental and theoretical results for the maximum velocity of prefabricated fragments. With the increase of the distance from the central of TNT charge for fragments, the initial velocity and radial ejection angle decreased and increased respectively, while the circumferential ejection angle of fragments varying on a very small scale. According to the experimentally measured data and theoretical analysis, the maximum initial velocity of prefabricated fragment in the central area exceeded 2500 m/s, the maximum ejection angle in the radial direction was about 22°, and the mean value of ejection angle in the circumferential direction was less than 5°.