To meet the requirements of lightweight and low error sensitivity in the optimization design of stiffened panels, the optimization design of stiffened panels was carried out considering the twist angle error of stringers. The finite element model of post-buckling instability of stiffened panels under axial compression was established, and the sensitivity of the load-carrying capacity to the twist angle error on stringers and the distribution position of the torsional stringer was analyzed. On this basis, a sequential approximate optimization method based on surrogate model was proposed by using parallel sequential sampling strategy, and the lightweight design of stiffened panel was carried out under the influence of twist angle error of stringers. The optimized results show that, compared with the optimization design scheme without error influence, the optimization scheme considering the twist angle error of stringers has lower sensitivity to the twist angle error when the weight is reduced by more than 32%, which can effectively improve the reliability and engineering application value of the optimized structure.