Abstract:Two-dimensional semiconductors are identified by the International Roadmap for Devices and Systems as key candidate materials for future sub-1nm nodes, owing to their atomic-scale thickness, smooth surface without dangling bonds and capability to suppress short-channel effects. Focusing on the current status of the full-chain development of two-dimensional semiconductors from basic materials science to system-level integration, the intrinsic physical advantages over traditional silicon-based materials and the progress in preparation processes were systematically analyzed. The latest progress and technical bottlenecks of core process modules including contact resistance engineering, gate dielectric integration and device architecture evolution of two-dimensional semiconductor transistors were reviewed in detail. Meanwhile, the development trajectory from early single-transistor verification to large-scale integrated circuits was traced comprehensively, and the collaborative challenges among materials, processes and design during the integration process were analyzed. The unique potential of two-dimensional semiconductors in emerging paradigms such as in-sensor computing, neuromorphic computing and van der Waals heterogeneous integration is further discussed.

Abstract:RLG(ring laser gyroscope) was pivotal to the technological revolution transitioning from platform inertial navigation to strapdown inertial navigation in the field of inertial guidance and navigation. To this day, RLG remained the dominant gyroscopic technology in the global high-end inertial sensor market. This article first traced the theoretical origins and feasibility concepts of RLG. Then, it systematically reviewed the development and application history of RLG technology in China and abroad across four stages: initial research, technological breakthroughs, practical advancements, and mass production applications. RLG was invented in the 1960s, with the United States pioneering core key technologies. Building on a dual-track industrial model for commercialization and military-civilian use, its equipment adaptability and high reliability drove a revolutionary advancement in inertial technology from mechanical gyroscopes to optical gyroscopes, achieving widespread application in both civil aviation and military domains. China's RLG research began in the 1970s, gradually overcoming challenges in foundational materials, key technologies, and core processes. It achieved a historic leap from imitation to independent innovation, establishing a complete RLG industrial chain and ultimately achieving full self-reliance. Analysis indicates that RLG is a mature technology with proven performance and reliability, still very robust at the middle and high-end，and is becoming more and more compact as manufacturing advances. Future development priorities for RLG technology will include improving precision through quantum enhancement principal innovation, reducing costs via AI-enabled automated manufacturing, and minimizing size, weight, and power consumption through micro-nano integrated photonic technology.

Abstract:Computer generated force (CGF) is the core component of military simulation systems. Traditional modeling methods suffer from bottlenecks including rigid knowledge representation, scarcity of high-quality samples, insufficient modeling of decision complexity, and lack of behavioral evolution capability. Large language models provide a new paradigm to address these issues. This paper systematically clarifies the enabling paths of large models from three dimensions: data and knowledge enhancement, decision intelligence generation, and capability iterative evolution. Focusing on five key modules: perception, decision-making, action, role, and memory, it elaborates on the large language model based CGF decision-making behavior modeling framework, sorts out the technical implementation routes and representative research achievements of each module, and summarizes key technical characteristics and application status. Furthermore, it proposes future research directions from five aspects: decision real-time performance, decision quality, decision fidelity, decision evaluation system, and decision risk control, which can provide a systematic reference for intelligent CGF research and the intelligent upgrading of military simulation.

Abstract:As a cross-domain operational domain spanning both traditional and non-traditional security fields, electromagnetic space has become a strategic commanding height in the competition for national security. The capability of electromagnetic space security system is regarded as a core variable reshaping the pattern of warfare and determining the right to victory. The evolution of the concept of electromagnetic space security is systematically reviewed, and the ‘three-dimensional’ leap characteristics displayed in its development process was summarized. A system architecture of electromagnetic space security and its essential connotations were proposed based on multiple perspectives. The current development status and technical challenges of electromagnetic space security were expounded. Some countermeasures and suggestions with multi-level and highly targeted were proposed for promoting the construction of the electromagnetic space security technology system. It provides the theoretical and practical references for safeguarding national electromagnetic space sovereignty and electromagnetic space security.

Abstract:To systematically summarize the research progress of attention mechanisms and radar image intelligent processing, this paper reviewed the development context of attention mechanisms and elaborateed on typical models, represented by channel attention, spatial attention, self-attention, and hybrid attention. On this basis, the innovative applications of various attention mechanisms in radar image intelligent processing were discussed from the perspectives of tasks such as radar image preprocessing, target detection, image segmentation, and target recognition. To verify the application performance of attention mechanisms, a comparative analysis of different attention mechanisms was conducted based on radar image target detection. Future research directions were discussed from four aspects: attention mechanism interpretability, efficient attention mechanism design, attention mechanism optimization for multimodal fusion, and attention mechanism design in foundation models.

Abstract:Class-incremental learning (CIL) aims to enable models to maintain discriminative ability on previously learned classes while incrementally acquiring new ones, a process in which catastrophic forgetting often occurs. This paper provides a comprehensive survey and analysis of class-incremental learning and its development trends. We clarified the definition of CIL and distinguished it from other incremental learning settings. Mainstream approaches were categorized and summarized from five perspectives: memory replay, parameter and optimization constraints, model prediction calibration, model architecture design, and transfer of pre-trained models. In addition, the commonly used evaluation metrics and datasets of CIL were reviewed, and its applications in typical vision tasks such as image generation, object detection, and semantic segmentation, as well as in emerging areas including video understanding and 3D vision were summarized. Finally, the future research directions of CIL were prospected.

Abstract:A novel neutron source with high brightness, short pulse, and compact-size—LDNS (laser-driven neutron source) offers considerable promise for a wide range of applications, including non-destructive material testing, neutron imaging, neutron resonance spectroscopy, and nuclear astrophysics, positioning it as a vital supplement to conventional neutron sources. Beginning with an overview of the production methods for LDNS, this paper outlined the fundamental principles behind various production mechanisms. By reviewing the historical development and recent progress of LDNS, the substantial potential of it for both fundamental research and practical applications was highlighted. Diagnostic techniques and its principles for characterizing key parameters of LDNS were systematically introduced, with special emphasis on recent advances[2.1][欣李2.2] at home and abroad in measuring neutron yield, energy, pulse duration, and source size. Basing on above, this review proceeds to identify technical challenges in the development of LDNS and concludes with a perspective on future research directions.

Abstract:UAV (Unmanned aerial vehicle) swarms hold broad application prospects in both military and civilian domains, and are developing rapidly. Communication and networking technologies tailored for swarms are crucial for enabling their formation systems and synergistic effectiveness. To this end, key technologies, research status, and development trends in UAV swarm communication and networking were systematically reviewed. Specifically, typical application scenarios and networking requirements of UAV swarms were analyzed. Key challenges and corresponding solutions were thoroughly discussed at the physical layer, data link layer, and network layer, respectively. Furthermore, leveraging the cyber-physical fusion characteristics of UAVs, the deep coupling effects among communication, computation, and control, along with their joint optimization methods, were analyzed and summarized. Regarding intelligent empowerment, the intelligent architecture integrating "intent understanding, environment adaptation, and resource scheduling" as a trinity, alongside the latest research progress, were examined. For engineering applications, critical issues such as high-frequency band communication hardware optimization and antenna lightweighting were explored. The prospects for integrating UAV swarms into future integrated space-air-ground networks and the directions for next-step development were outlined. This review aimed to provide references for top-level planning and design, as well as for future research directions regarding key technological breakthroughs in the field of UAV swarm communication and networking.

Abstract:Single-shot terahertz time-domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS) leverages spatial encoding to rapidly measure terahertz (THz) waveforms, yet its application is limited by relatively low system precision. To address the issue that a detector’s detection accuracy is limited by its full-well capacity, this work elucidates the mechanism by which tuning the probe-light intensity suppresses the dominant noise source, namely the shot noise. Based on this mechanism, we designed a high-speed, high-precision sensor dedicated to single-shot THz detection. The sensor tolerates higher probe-light intensities without saturation, effectively reducing the relative contribution of shot noise and thereby significantly improving overall system precision. At a system repetition rate of 5 kHz, the minimum detectable terahertz field was measured to be 2.55×10-4 kV/cm kV/cm within one second. Compared with single-point detection, a 30-fold reduction in measurement time is achieved while maintaining the same information content. This work paves the way for further development of high-precision single-shot THz systems and rapid, complex, multi-dimensional THz spectroscopic experiments.

Abstract:To promote technological innovation in ultrafast spectroscopy, broaden its interdisciplinary applications and address the associated research challenges, this paper provides a systematic review of the current development status in ultrafast spectroscopic techniques. The fundamental definition of ultrafast spectroscopy is illustrated. The principles of key techniques including ultrafast pulse sources, pump-probe spectroscopy, two-dimensional coherent spectroscopy, and near-filed optics are introduced. By combining research examples such as charge transfer in organic photovoltaics, electron transfer in molecular chemical reactions, exciton fine energy level structure in quantum-confined materials, and lipid molecular photoswitches, the application scopes and unique advantages of various spectroscopic techniques are discussed in detail. The emerging opportunities and future challenges in the development of ultrafast spectroscopy are also summarized.